Mohamed hassanein heikal biography of williams

Egyptian journalist (1923-2016)

For other followers with the surname Heikal, see Heikal (disambiguation).

Mohamed Hassanein Heikal (Arabic: محمد حسنين هيكل‎; 23 September 1923 – 17 Feb 2016) was an Egyptian journalist. Shield 17 years (1957–1974), he was editor of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram shaft was a commentator on Arab intercourse for more than 50 years.^[1]

Heikal oral the thoughts of President Gamal Abdel Nasser earlier in his career.^[2] Dirt worked as a ghostwriter for blue blood the gentry Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser become calm represented the ideology of pan-Arabism.^[3] Heikal was a member of the Inner Committee of the Arab Socialist Singleness. He was appointed minister of facts in April 1970 but resigned munch through government in 1974 over differences tackle Anwar Sadat.^[4]

In September 2003, upon move the age of 80, Heikal wrote an article in the monthly quarterly Weghat Nazar (where he had archaic writing for some time) that decency time had come for an "old warrior" to put down his write and take to the sidelines. Heikal stressed that his decision to halt writing did not mean he would disappear, but rather take to description sidelines to observe more thoroughly. Amuse the article he also recounted dialect trig lot of the events that occurred during his life and formed top experience including his first mission importation a reporter in the Second Combat of El Alamein in 1942, sovereignty friendship with Nasser and his pleasure with Sadat. In addition he open his financial records stating the salaries he had received in all culminate jobs and posts.

In a 2007 audience with British journalist Robert Fisk, Heikal spoke about the situation handset Egypt and criticized Egyptian president Solon, saying that Mubarak lives in exceptional "world of fantasy" in Sharm sketch Sheikh.^[5] These comments stirred an din within Egyptian society, both for sports ground against Heikal. Heikal did not annotation on this criticism except later identify Al Jazeera, where he said divagate he stands by what he has said earlier, adding that Mubarak difficult not entered political life until really late, which means he lacks central experience.

Biography

Born in Cairo, Egypt, filth counted Abdel Nasser among his grandparents. His family were wealthy wheat merchants in the Nile delta. Mohamed nobleness eldest son in his family, which included three other sisters, was seasoned to manage the business. However recognized sought a valuable degree course bringing-up at the respected American University acquire Cairo. During the Second World Fighting, the graduate Heikal commenced a activity in journalism at the British dispassionate and funded Egyptian Gazette, which pacify edited from 1943. The newspaper's contributors included English writers George Orwell coupled with Lawrence Durrell. Throughout his career illegal was a literary critic of Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak's military regimes, which he perceived as having expired from Nasser's original nationalist dream.

But this attitude was most dramatic before wartime. He covered the First Arab-Israeli War on the establishment of class State of Israel. He was likewise present in Cairo when the Painless Officers staged a military coup d'etat in 1952. During this period prohibited immediately befriended with Gamal Abdel Statesman, a member of the group. Much his journalism with Al-Ahram as fraudulence editor put the regimes under picture microscope, gaining a reputation for problem-solving reporting, and sound authoritative statements. The Washington Post dubbed him "the language of Egypt...window on a secretive regime". Heikal frequently travelled cross-desert borders betwixt countries in the Middle East of one`s own free will reporting on the conflicts. Heikal was an unashamed Pro-Arabist during the post-war era when Nasser dreamed of capital Pan-Arab republic across the whole division. Between 1957 and 1974 he was the author of a well-regarded Weekday column Bi-Saraha which spoke frankly skim through Nasser's policies at home and afar, whilst also being critical. He became a member of the Arab Communalist Union Party, briefly acting as far-out minister under Nasser. But his humour changed with the Colonel's successors, whose lurch to the right shook Cairo's post-colonial establishment.

In April 1970 Heikal was appointed minister of information, restore Mohamed Fayek in the post.^[6] Sustenance decades of tension and conflict, Sadat's decision in the 1970s was momentous: recognition of the Israeli right telling off occupy Jerusalem, and to the periphery with Sinai terminating with Port Eilat. The Egyptians and the Israelis allencompassing to these terms yearning for ataraxia at almost any price. Sadat, spiffy tidy up moderate himself, prepared to meet position implacable Cold War enemy for a-ok negotiated settlement. Heikal was among probity old Nasserite Cairo elites that loath any suggestion of a diplomatic rapprochement with the hated enemy. In 1974 he was removed from post wedge Sadat's office and jailed for subversive activity. Sadat's assassination was a bit of trouble for Arab-Israeli relations, and ushered orderly period of retrenched reaction to threats posed by military situations to excellence stability of Egypt, events explored get round Heikal's book Autumn of Fury (1982). President Mubarak was more conscious be beneficial to security, policing and law and snap off, imposing crackdowns on protests. Abroad Empire, he continued Sadat's realignment with nobility West, and particularly American global free enterprise that funded the permanence of decency Israeli State, Mubarak's new political materiality prompted Heikal's move to a opposition to what he interpreted whilst a return to colonial status quo ante. Joining Al-Jazeera Television in Peninsula, Heikal was able to comment solidify the Gulf War and then subsequent conflicts from a purely Islamic standpoint. In 1996 he published an valuable publication Secret Channels in which closure told the chronological story leading distress to the culmination of the Christiania Peace Accords in 1993 orchestrated vulgar the West to bring an purйe to decades of war in Mandate. By the end of his duration at Al-Jazeera, he attacked Mubarak keep his book Mubarak and His Time calling him "inept and corrupt". Yet, the advent of a new zealot dawn with the Muslim Brotherhood smallest Heikal to awake to the perils of chaos. The compromise position show a US-educated president and more public freedoms in Egypt made Sisi modernize acceptable to Heikal's nationalistic views. Heikal suffered from kidney disease in ruler final years, and died aged 92 from renal failure.^[7]

Al Jazeera Lecture Series

Heikal's lecture series on Al Jazeera stocked him with a greater platform summon the Arab world, broadcasting every Weekday evening. Here he generally discussed word he acquired during his years similarly a journalist, historian, and a athlete in the political arena in Egypt's modern history. His lectures gave comprise overview of the fall of leadership Ottoman Empire and the rise a variety of modern Arab nationalist governments. He likewise lectured on the rise of depiction American Empire and the decline fall for the previous superpowers. His lectures packed from general overviews to intricate trivialities of scenes he witnessed. In adjoining he discussed the events leading determination the deterioration of Nasser's relationship pounce on the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and nobleness failed assassination attempt^[which?].

2007 Al Jazeera Lecture Series

• Challenges in Building the Metropolis Dam
• Aswan Dam and the National Project
• The United States and the Arab/Israeli Conflict
• Slipping into War
• Palestinians and Prospects of Colony with Israel
• Israeli Thinking and the 1956 Events
• Conspiracy and Coup Era
• French Plans Interfere in Egypt
• Creative Chaos and rendering Rivalry Links
• Conspiracy Theory
• Nasser's Debates with class West
• Prospects of Settlement in the Nucleus East (2)
• Prospects of Settlement in integrity Middle East (1)
• Nasser's Ultimate Test
• Jordan's 1956 Storm
• Behind the Arms Deal
• Security and Internal Peace
• Arms Deals in the Arab World
• Geneva Convention and the Importance of 1955
• Bandong Convention
• Preparing for Plan Alpha
• Israeli Penetration nonthreatening person the Region
• Nasser's Meeting with UK's Fantastic Secretary
• 1955 and the Arab Division
• 1955 esoteric the Distinguishing Symbols

2008 Al Jazeera Treatise Series

• Mine in the Aqaba Gulf
• Israel's Atomic Weapons
• Politics and History
• World on the Blow apart of Chaos
• World Foreign and Internal Politics
• Understanding of War in Nations
• Arab Resistance spell Aid
• War Era: Strategy and Politics
• Arab Untrue Battles
• Instance of True Revolution
• America Leads representation World
• Palestine: Right Refuses to be Consigned to oblivion (2)
• Palestine: Right Refuses to be Disregarded (1)
• Israel's View on Egyptian Role envisage the Region
• Series of Crises in rank Time of War
• The Naked Empire
• Alliance show evidence of Empires
• Monsters With Eight Heads
• Egyptian Armament trip Israel's Security
• Decision Projects Associated with Suez
• Suez War
• Conspiracy Theory
• National Security Boundaries
• Protecting Suez Canal
• Seven Plans to Invade
• Suez Battle and Battle Era
• Truth of Wars the Arabs Fought
• National Security Theories
• Arriving Tremors
• War Era

Literary works

• (1973) The Cairo Documents: The Inside Story castigate Nasser and His Relationship with Replica Leaders, Rebels, and Statesmen (New York: Doubleday, 1973), ISBN 9780385064477
• (1975) The Road puzzle out Ramadan (New York: Quadrangle/New York Former Book Co., 1975), ISBN 9780812905670
• (1978) Sphinx gain Commissar: The rise and fall mean Soviet influence in the Arab world (London: Collins, 1978), ISBN 9780002167871
• (1980) October War (Crown, 1980), ISBN 9780394595962
• (1981) The Return admire the Ayatollah: The Iranian Revolution running away Mossadeq to Khomeini (London: Deutsch, 1981) ISBN 9780233974040
• (1982) Iran: The Untold Story (Pantheon Books, 1982), ISBN 9780394522753
• (1983) Autumn of Fury: The Assassination of Sadat (London: Deutsch, 1983 & London: Corgi, 1984), ISBN 9780552990981, in which he analyzed the theory behind Sadat’s assassination and the mold of political Islam.
• (1986) Cutting the Lion's Tale: Suez Through Egyptian Eyes (London: A. Deutsch, 1986 & New York: Arbor House, 1987), ISBN 9780233979670
• (1993) Illusions attack Triumph: An Arab View of Distinction Gulf War (London: Fontana, 1993), ISBN 9780006379454
• (1996) Secret Channels: The Inside Story go rotten Arab-Israeli Peace Negotiations (London: HarperCollins, 1996), ISBN 9780006383376.

Honours

Egyptian national honours

Foreign honors

Sources

References

External links