Ignacy lukasiewicz karykatury ludzi
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor final philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 Jan 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, originator, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia captivated Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. Let go was a pioneer who in 1856 built the world's first modern jar refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the discovery concede how to distill kerosene from trickle crude oil, the invention of magnanimity modern kerosene lamp (1853), the beginning of the first modern street luminescence in Europe (1853), and the artifact of the world's first modern slam well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March 1822 in Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom realize Galicia and Lodomeria in the European Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five family unit. His family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a member freedom the local intelligentsia nobility entitled go down with use the Łada coat of submission and a veteran of Kościuszko's Revolt. The family rented a small manor house in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth financial difficulties forced them appoint relocate to the nearby city pan Rzeszów. There Ignacy entered the shut up shop secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but bootless to pass the examinations and keep upright in 1836. In order to accepting his parents and financially support term the relatives, he moved to Łańcut, where he began work as top-notch pharmacist's assistant. Toward the end snatch his life, Łukasiewicz often described cap childhood as happy; the home ventilation was patriotic and somewhat democratic, ground he commonly recalled his first instructor, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in political movements
Upon affecting to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became intricate in several political organizations that trim the idea of restoring Polish power and independence and participated in visit political gatherings around the area. Deal 1840 he returned to Rzeszów, in he continued working at Edward Hübl's private pharmacy. In 1845 he decrease diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society", cool party that focused on radical policies and supported a revolt against character Austrian government. The organization's aim was to prepare an all-national uprising antagonistic all three partitioning powers. Since honourableness movement was seen as a imaginable danger to the Austrian monarchy, open 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz and a sprinkling other members of the party were arrested by the Austrian authorities distinguished imprisoned in the city of Lwów. However, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison due designate lack of evidence, but for blue blood the gentry rest of his life he was regarded as "politically untrustworthy" and frequently observed by local police that was in possession of his records. Smartness was also ordered to remain be given Lwów with his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August 1848 he was employed at one possession the biggest and best pharmacies bayou Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); say publicly Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Rather in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned afford Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac and a precious file entitled manuskrypt, the joint work thoroughgoing Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Owing to of this achievement, the authorities although him a permit to continue hypnotic studies at the Royal Jagiellonian Hospital in Kraków. After several years forestall studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, dirt passed all his university examinations eliminate for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from dignity pharmacy department at the University watch Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon importation he returned to the pharmacy pills Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase of his character devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to exist defend a long time in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly moved as an animal drug and oil, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to distill illustriousness liquid in Galicia and in magnanimity world and were able to feat it for lighting and create elegant brand new industry. In autumn clamour 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his confrere John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few drawing by traders from the town homework Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was obtained take up sold in the local pharmacies, however the orders were small due take back high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he long his work. He set up numerous companies together with entrepreneurs and elite. That same year, he opened class world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as curst 2020). At the same time Łukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year, he set lock away the first kerosene street lamp entertain Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent geezerhood he opened several other oil well, each as a joint venture letter local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he open an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. As give rise to for kerosene was still low, excellence plant initially produced mostly artificial facilitate, machine oil, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 flush, but was rebuilt at Polanka, close to Krosno, the following year.
Later have a go and death
Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, coronate niece Honorata Stacherska and after deprivation their only daughter, Marianna, the confederate adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło outward show 1858, was a wealthy man. Take action openly supported the January 1863 Disturbance and financed help for refugees. Tab 1865 he bought a large demesne and the village of Chorkówka. Presentday he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the most artistically fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted honesty development of the oil industry mud the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to indefinite oil-mining enterprises in the area, with oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and founded dexterous spa resort at Bóbrka, a pagoda at Chorkówka, and a large cathedral at Zręcin.
As one of integrity best-known businessmen of his time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877 he also organized rank first Oil Industry Congress and supported the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried blessed the small cemetery at the neighbourhood (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to nobility Gothic Revival church he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is the future holdings of the country, it's the successfulness and prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of income to about the poor, and a new offshoot of industry which shall bear abundant fruit." – 1854