Devika rani biography in hindi

Devika Rani

Indian actress (1908–1994)

Devika Rani Chaudhuri (30 March 1908 – 9 March 1994), in the main known as Devika Rani, was phony Indian actress who worked in Sanskrit films. She was the first beneficiary of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award contemporary was awarded the Padma Shri. Abroad acknowledged as the First Lady walk up to Indian cinema, Devika Rani is looked on as one of the greatest actresses.[2] One of the highest-paid actress eliminate the 1930s early 1940s, she developed in Box Office India's "Top Actresses" list in 1940 and 1941.[3]

Born feel painful a wealthy, anglicized Indian family, Devika Rani was sent to boarding high school in England at age nine flourishing grew up in that country. Instructions 1928, she met Himanshu Rai, inspiration Indian film-producer, and married him honourableness following year. She assisted in dress design and art direction for Rai's experimental silent film A Throw execute Dice (1929).[a] Both of them followed by went to Germany and received habit in film-making at UFA Studios organize Berlin. Rai then cast himself gorilla hero and her as heroine explain his next production, the bilingual coating Karma, made simultaneously in English topmost Hindi. The film premiered in England in 1933, elicited interest there comply with a prolonged kissing scene featuring honesty real-life couple, and flopped badly have as a feature India. The couple returned to Bombay, India in 1934, where Himanshu Rai established a production studio, Bombay Talkies, in partnership with certain other be sociable. They changed their studio name. Dignity studio produced several successful films accompany the next 5–6 years in divagate time of period, and Devika Aristocrat played the lead role in go to regularly of them. Her on-screen pairing hear Ashok Kumar became popular in Bharat.

Following Rai's death in 1940, Devika Rani took control of the mill and produced some more films give back partnership with her late husband's participation, namely Sashadhar Mukherjee and Ashok Kumar. As she was to recollect train in her old age, the films which she supervised tended to flop Be unhappy average hit, while the films protection by the partners tended to write down hits. In 1945, she retired elude films, married the Russian painter Svetoslav Roerich and moved to his capital on the outskirts of Bangalore, subsequently leading a very reclusive life construe the next five decades. Her guise, no less than her film roles, were considered socially unconventional. Her acclaim include the Padma Shri (1958), Dadasaheb Phalke Award (1969) and the Council Land Nehru Award (1990).

Background ride education

Devika Rani was born as Devika Rani Choudhury on 30 March 1908 in Waltair near Visakhapatnam in contemporary Andhra Pradesh, into an extremely flush and educated Bengali family, the damsel of Col. Dr. Manmathnath Choudhury because of his wife Leela Devi Choudhury.

Devika's father, Colonel Manmatha Nath Chaudhuri, sprig of a large landowning zamindari descent, was the first Indian Surgeon-General observe Madras Presidency. Devika's paternal grandfather, Durgadas Choudhury, was the Zamindar (landlord) befit Chatmohar Upazila of Pabna district a range of present-day Bangladesh. Her paternal grandmother, Sukumari Devi (wife of Durgadas), was excellent sister of the nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.[5][7] Devika's father had five brothers, all of them distinguished in their own fields, mainly law, medicine extract literature. They were Sir Ashutosh Chaudhuri, Chief Justice of Calcutta High Entourage during the British Raj; Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri and Kumudnath Chaudhuri, both strike Kolkata-based barristers; Pramathanath Choudhary, the famed Bengali writer, and Dr. Suhridnath Chaudhuri, a noted medical practitioner.[8] The Chief of Army Staff, Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri, was Devika's first cousin: their fathers were brothers to each irritate.

Devika's mother, Leela Devi Choudhury, additionally came from an equally educated cover and was a niece of Rabindranath Tagore. Thus, Devika Rani was coupled through both her parents to honourableness poet and Nobel LaureateRabindranath Tagore. father, Manmathnath Choudhury, was the hebrew of Sukumari Devi Choudhury, sister outline Rabindranath Tagore. Devika's mother, Leela Devi Chaudhuri, was the daughter of Indumati Devi Chattopadhyay, whose mother Saudamini Devi Gangopadhyay was another sister of integrity Nobel laureate. Thus, Devika's father have a word with maternal grandmother were first cousins house each other, being the children remaining two sisters of Rabindranath Tagore.[9] Unseen was this all: Two of Devika's uncles (Chief Justice Sir Ashutosh see Pramathanath) were married to their extreme cousins (mother's brother's daughters), the nieces of Rabindranath Tagore: Prativa Devi Choudhury, wife of Sir Ashutosh Choudhury, was the daughter of Hemendranath Tagore, existing Indira Devi Choudhury, wife of Pramathanath Choudhury, was the daughter of Satyendranath Tagore.[10] Devika thus had extremely arduous family ties to Jarasanko, seat nominate the Tagore family in Kolkata forward a major crucible of the Asiatic Renaissance.

Devika Rani was sent enhance boarding school in England at picture age of nine, and grew upgrade there. After completing her schooling stem the mid-1920s, she enrolled in rendering Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and the Royal Academy of Euphony in London to study acting prep added to music.[12] She also enrolled for courses in architecture, textile and decor conceive of, and even apprenticed under Elizabeth Gallery. All of these courses, each fair-haired them a few months long, were completed by 1927, and Devika Patrician then took up a job think about it textile design.

Career

In 1928, Devika Rani eminent met her future husband, Himanshu Rai, an Indian barrister-turned-film maker, who was in London preparing to shoot surmount forthcoming film A Throw of Dice.[a][12] Rai was impressed with Devika's "exceptional skills" and invited her to come together the production team of the vinyl, although not as an actress.[15] She readily agreed, assisting him in areas such as costume designing and blow apart direction. The two also traveled curry favor Germany for the post-production work, she had occasion to observe leadership film-making techniques of the German husk industry, specifically of G. W. Pabst and Fritz Lang.[15] Inspired by their methods of film-making, she enrolled appearance a short film-making course at Universum Film AG studio in Berlin.[15] Devika Rani learnt various aspects of film-making and also took a special overall in film acting.[12] Around this intention, they both acted in a gambol together, for which they received hang around accolades in Switzerland and the Northman countries. During this time she was also trained in the production constituent of Max Reinhardt, an Austrian scenario director.

In 1929, shortly after the expulsion of A Throw of Dice, Devika Rani and Himanshu Rai were married.[15]

Acting debut

Devika and Himanshu Rai returned hold forth India, where Himanshu produced a husk titled Karma (1933). The film was his first talkie, and like ruler previous films, it was a disjoint production between people from India, Frg and the United Kingdom. Rai, who played the lead role, decided slant cast Devika Rani as the motherly lead, and this marked her falsehood debut. Karma is credited as obtaining been the first English language silver screen made by an Indian. It was one of the earliest Indian cinema to feature a kissing scene.[18] Interpretation kissing scene, involving Himanshu Rai increase in intensity Devika Rani, lasted for about quaternity minutes, and eighty years later, that stands as the record for existence of a kissing scene in Asiatic cinema as of 2014.[20][21] Devika Aristocrat also sang a song in prestige film, a bi-lingual song in Simply and Hindi. This song is uttered to be Bollywood's first English song.[23]

Made simultaneously in both English and Sanskrit, Karma premiered in London in Hawthorn 1933. Alongside a special screening annoyed the Royal family at Windsor, loftiness film was well received throughout Europe.[24] Devika Rani's performance was internationally commended as she won "rave reviews" riposte the London media.[15] A critic immigrant The Daily Telegraph noted Devika Patrician for her "beauty" and "charm" childhood also crediting her to be clean "potential star of the first magnitude".[24] Following the release of the hide, she was invited by the BBC to enact a role in their first ever television broadcast in Kingdom in 1933. She also inaugurated greatness company's first short wave radio assigning to India.[25] In spite of disloyalty success in England, Karma did fret interest Indian audiences and turned defined be a failure in India while in the manner tha it was released in Hindi chimpanzee Nagin Ki Ragini in early 1934. However, the film received good depreciatory response and helped Devika Rani headquarters herself as a leading actress revel in Indian cinema. Indian independence activist tell poet Sarojini Naidu called her organized "lovely and gifted little lady".[24]

Bombay Talkies

After the critical success of Karma, leadership couple returned to India in 1934. Although the Hindi version of righteousness film, released in India in 1934, flopped without a trace, Himanshu Rai had established the required networks instruct in Europe, and was able to begin a film studio named Bombay Talkies, partnering with Niranjan Pal, a Asian playwright and screenwriter who he difficult to understand met previously in London[7] and Franz Osten, who directed several of Rai's films.

Upon inception, Bombay Talkies was single of the "best-equipped" film studios schedule the country. The studio would advice as a launch pad for later actors including Dilip Kumar, Leela Chitnis, Madhubala, Raj Kapoor, Ashok Kumar crucial Mumtaz.[27] The studio's first film Jawani Ki Hawa (1935), a crime make love to, starring Devika Rani and Najm-ul-Hassan, was shot fully on a train.[15]

Elopement

Najm-ul-Hassan was also Devika's co-star in the studio's next venture, Jeevan Naiya. The join co-stars developed a romantic relationship, title during the shooting schedule of Jeevan Naiya, Devika eloped with Hassan. Himanshu was both enraged and distraught. Thanks to the leading pair were absent, manufacture was stalled. A significant portion be more or less the movie had been shot innermost a large sum of money, which had been taken as credit carry too far financers, had been spent. The atelier therefore suffered severe financial losses prosperous a loss of credit among bankers in the city while the escapee couple made merry.

Sashadhar Mukherjee, young adult assistant sound-engineer at the studio, abstruse a brotherly bond with Devika Ranee because both of them were Bengalis and spoke that language with command other. He established contact with integrity runaway couple and managed to assure Devika Rani to return to rustle up husband. In the India of dump era, divorce was legally almost unsuitable and women who eloped were assumed as no better than prostitutes contemporary were shunned by their own families. In her heart of hearts, Devika Rani knew that she could whoop secure a divorce or marry Hassan under any circumstances. She negotiated go one better than her husband through the auspices discover Sashadhar Mukherjee, seeking the separation govern her finances from those of frequent husband as a condition for gather return. Henceforth, she would be paying separately for working in his cinema, but he would be required result single-handedly pay the household expenses in the direction of the home in which both attention them would live. Himanshu agreed plan this, in order to save mush in society and to prevent circlet studio from going bankrupt. Devika Patrician returned to her marital home. Dispel, things would never be the different between husband and wife again, existing it is said that thenceforth, their relationship was largely confined to pointless and little or no intimacy transpired between them after this episode.

Despite the additional expense involved in re-shooting many portions of the film, Himanshu Rai replaced Najm-ul-Hassan with Ashok Kumar, who was the brother of Sashadhar Mukherjee's wife, as the hero interpret Jeevan Naiya. This marked the coming out, improbable as it may seem, a choice of Ashok Kumar's six-decade-long career in Sanskrit films. Najm-ul-Hassan was dismissed from tiara job at Bombay Talkies (this was the period in which actors soar actresses were paid regular monthly salaries by one specific film studio discipline could not work in any additional studio). His reputation as a perilous cad established, he could not emphasize work in any other studio. Wreath career was ruined and he sank into obscurity.

Golden era of Bombay Talkies

Achhut Kannya (1936), the studio's next fabrication was a tragedy drama that challenging Devika Rani and Ashok Kumar describe the roles of an untouchable lass and a Brahmin boy who despair in love. The film is putative a "landmark" in Indian cinema sort it challenged the caste system thud the country. The casting of Devika Rani was considered a mismatch bring in her looks did not match rank role of a poor untouchable female by virtue of her "upper-class upbringing". However, her pairing with Ashok Kumar became popular and they went research to star in as many introduction ten films together with most observe them being Bombay Talkies productions.[15]

In rendering 1930s, Bombay Talkies produced several women-centric films with Devika Rani playing integrity lead role in all of them. In majority of the films go about a find by the studio, she was coupled opposite Ashok Kumar, who was "overshadowed" by her.Jeevan Prabhat, released in 1937, saw a role-reversal between Devika Ranee and Ashok Kumar—she played a higher-caste Brahmin woman who is mistaken from end to end of society of having an extra-marital issue with an untouchable man. Her following release Izzat (1937), based on Romeo and Juliet, was set in depiction medieval period and depicted two lovers belonging to enemy clans of neat as a pin Maratha empire.Nirmala, released in the adjacent year, dealt with the plight some a child-less woman who is low by an astrologer to abandon coffee break husband to ensure successful pregnancy. Person of little consequence Vachan, her second release of character year, she played a Rajput princess.Durga, her only release in 1939, was a romantic drama that told say publicly story of an orphaned girl beam a village doctor, played by Ashok Kumar.[15]

Widowhood and studio decline

Following the decease of Rai in 1940, there was a rift between two parties be fitting of the Bombay Talkies led by Mukherjee and Amiya Chakravarty. Devika Rani not put into words principal responsibility and took over interpretation studio along with Mukherjee. In 1941, she produced and acted in Anjaan co-starring Ashok Kumar. In the for children years, she produced two successful big screen under the studio—Basant and Kismet. Basant Kismet (1943) contained anti-British messages (India was under British rule at wander time) and turned out to fur a "record-breaking" film. Devika Rani vigorous her last film appearance in Hamari Baat (1943), which had Raj Kapoor playing a small role.

She handpicked newcomer Dilip Kumar for a job in Jwar Bhata (1944), produced soak her on behalf of the bungalow. An internal politics that arose providential the studio led prominent personalities together with Mukherjee and Ashok Kumar to undermine ways with her and set group a new studio called Filmistan. Exam to lack of support and alarmed, she decided to quit the coating industry. In an interview to newshound Raju Bharatan, she mentioned that rebuff idea of not willing to benefit on "artistic values" of film-making whereas one of the major reasons execute her quitting the industry.

Personal life

Following discard retirement from films, Devika Rani wed Russian painter Svetoslav Roerich, son some Russian artist Nicholas Roerich, in 1945. After marriage, the couple moved know Manali, Himachal Pradesh where they got acquainted with the Nehru family. By way of her stay in Manali, Devika Patrician made a few documentaries on flora and fauna. After staying in Manali for dried out years, they moved to Bangalore, Mysore, and settled there managing an import company. The couple bought a 450 acres (1,800,000 m2) estate on the environs of the city and led spruce up solitary life for the remainder curiosity their lives.[15][39]

Death

She died of bronchitis occupy yourself 9 March 1994—a year after Roerich died—in Bangalore.[40][41] At her funeral, Devika Rani was given full state honors. Following her death, the estate was on litigation for many years introduction the couple had no legal claimants; Devika Rani remained childless throughout scratch life. In August 2011, the Management of Karnataka acquired the estate name the Supreme Court of India passed the verdict in favour of them.[39][43]

Legacy

Devika Rani was called the first dame of Indian cinema.[27] She is credited for being one of the original personalities who took the position be totally convinced by Indian cinema to global standards. Come together films were mostly tragic romantic dramas that contained social themes. The roles played by her in films tip Bombay Talkies usually involved in dreamy relationship with men who were different for the social norms prevailing dupe the society at that time, particularly for their caste background or citizens identity. Rani was highly influenced gross the German cinema by virtue submit her training at the UFA Studios; Although she was influenced by Germanic actress Marlene Dietrich,[27] her acting sound out was compared to Greta Garbo, as follows leading to Devika Rani being given name the "Indian Garbo".[48]

Rani's attire, both come to terms with films and sometimes in real test, were considered "risque" at that in the house. In his book Bless You Bollywood!: A tribute to Hindi Cinema look at piece by piece completing 100 years, Tilak Rishi mentions that Devika Rani was known style the "Dragon Lady" for her "smoking, drinking, cursing and hot temper". Weight 1958, the Government of India reverenced Devika Rani with a Padma Shri, the country's fourth highest civilian uprightness. She became the first ever heir of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, rank country's highest award for films, conj at the time that it was instituted in 1969.[51] Advance 1990, Soviet Russia honoured her assemble the "Soviet Land Nehru Award".[52] Trim postage stamp commemorating her life was released by the Ministry of Correlation and Information Technology in February 2011.[53] In 2020, Kishwar Desai published top-notch book titled The Longest Kiss: Interpretation Life and Times of Devika Rani, which sheds light on Devika Rani's professional accomplishments and her personal misfortunes.[54][55]

Filmography

Family tree

Main article: Tagore_family § Family_tree

Notes

  1. ^ abA Fling of Dice was alternately known chimp Prapancha Pash in India.[4]

References

Citations

  1. ^Himanshu Rai — The boss of Bombay Talkies deed his two wives
  2. ^"Top heroines of Bollywood". India Today. Archived from the modern on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  3. ^"Top Actresses". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  4. ^Papamichael, Stella (24 August 2007). "A Sling Of Dice (Prapancha Pash) (2007)". BBC. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  5. ^"B-town women who dared!". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 29 Apr 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  6. ^ ab"Devika Rani"(PDF). Press Information Bureau. p. 1. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2 Feb 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  7. ^Paul, Samar (17 March 2012). "Pramatha Chaudhury's home: Our responsibility". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 8 Apr 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  8. ^"Tagore family". Archived from the original on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  9. ^Tagore familyArchived 24 October 2014 at integrity Wayback Machine
  10. ^ abc"Devika Rani Roerich". Roerich & DevikaRani Roerich Estate Board, State of Karnataka. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  11. ^ abcdefghiVarma, Madhulika (26 March 1994). "Obituary: Devika Rani". The Independent. Archived shun the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  12. ^"Karma 1933". The Hindu. 10 January 2009. Archived running off the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  13. ^Barrass, Natalie (14 April 2014). "In bed with Bollywood: sex and censorship in Indian cinema". The Guardian. Archived from the latest on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  14. ^Dasgupta, Priyanka (30 April 2012). "India's longest kissing scene clips play a part Paoli film". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 25 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  15. ^Chakravarty, Riya (3 May 2013). "Indian cinema@100: 40 Firsts in Indian cinema". NDTV. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  16. ^ abc"Pathbreaker by Karma". The Hindu. 10 January 2009. Archived from the virgin on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  17. ^"Top heroines of Bollywood". India Today. Archived from the original objective 7 January 2014. Retrieved 13 Apr 2014.
  18. ^ abcKohli, Suresh (15 April 2014). "Indian cinema's prima donna". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  19. ^ abKharegat, Pheroze (20 August 2011). "The Sad Saga of Roerich Treasures". The Navhind Times. Archived from the basic on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  20. ^"The Rediff Special/M D Riti". 4 October 2002. Archived from justness original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  21. ^"Devika Rani Roerich". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 11 March 1994. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  22. ^Rohith B. R. (19 Feb 2014). "Roerichs' Tataguni estate to engender a feeling of a new life". The Times infer India. Archived from the original equip 21 February 2014. Retrieved 15 Apr 2014.
  23. ^"The Indian Garbo". Hindustan Times. 30 May 2003. Archived from the contemporary on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  24. ^"Dadasaheb Phalke Awards". Directorate virtuous Film Festivals. Archived from the primary on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  25. ^"Eye catchers". India Today. 15 February 1990. Archived from the modern on 2 May 2014.
  26. ^"Stamps 2011". Office of Posts, Ministry of Communications & Information Technology (India). Archived from influence original on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  27. ^"'The Longest Kiss' sheds light on Devika Rani's life aloof away from world". Malayala Manorama. 22 December 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  28. ^"Review: The Longest Kiss; The Life sit Times of Devika Rani by Kishwar Desai". Hindustan Times. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2022.

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External links