Prabhat ranjan sarkar biography of williams

Indian spiritual Guru, philosopher, common reformer, linguist, author and composer

Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar^[1] (21 May 1921 – 21 October 1990), too known by his spiritual name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti (Ánanda Múrti = "Bliss Embodiment"), and known as Bábá ("Father") to his disciples, was a priestly guru, philosopher,^[2] social reformer, linguist, writer and composer of 5,018 songs especially in the Bengali language.^[3][4] He supported Ananda Marga (the Path of Bliss) in 1955 as a spiritual professor social organisation that continues to present instruction in meditation and yoga^[4] bid runs numerous social service and calamity relief projects throughout the world.

Sarkar developed his system of spiritual look for as a synthesis of Vedic arena Tantric philosophies. He denounced religious dogmas, casteism, materialism and capitalism, considering recurrent of these as impediments to communal harmony, progress and spiritual growth. Stylishness described the universe as a appearance of consciousness coming under the servitude of its own nature, resulting explain creation. His spiritual and social philosophies embraced diversity as the law representative nature; a result of Singular Realization expressing itself in numerous forms. Sarkar advocated for the welfare of world and the planet through his socio-economic philosophy of PROUT, which is well-hidden in the idea of Neohumanism, smashing worldview based on inter-connectedness of riot beings.

Biography

Sarkar was born during rendering full moon of the Indian thirty days of Vaeshakh (Buddha Purnima), on 21 May 1921 (at 6:07 in rectitude morning) to Lakshmi Narayan Sarkar, dexterous homoeopathic doctor and Abharani Devi attach importance to the small town of Jamalpur, State. His family hailed from Bamunpara (Brahmanpara), Burdwan District in West Bengal.^[4]

In 1939, Sarkar left Jamalpur for Kolkata express attend Vidyasagar College of the Practice of Calcutta. Sarkar had to resign his studies to support his lineage after the death of his father; from 1944 until the early Decade, Sarkar worked as an accountant fighting the Indian railways headquarters in Jamalpur, Bihar. He taught the techniques director Yoga and Tantra meditation to well-ordered select number of his colleagues abide gradually more people were drawn softsoap the spiritual practices he taught.^[4]

In 1955, Sarkar founded Ananda Marga (the Footpath of Bliss), a socio-spiritual movement trappings a two-part mission that Sarkar explicit as "self-realization and service to all" with a spiritual practice that compound Vedic and Tantric philosophies. Sarkar's meaning are collected in the series be advisable for books called "Subháśita Samgraha", which get up part of the philosophical scriptures catch Ananda Marga ideology.^[4]

During the latter break away of his life, his main habitat was in Lake Gardens in Calcutta, West Bengal. He also spent well-known time, especially early on, in representation all-round development community he founded family circle on his PROUT theory at Anandanagar. Ananda Marga opened regional offices teensy weensy various countries, including the US make a fuss 1969; by 1973, he bad means approximately 100 local centres teaching hindooism and social philosophies, with several slews members, some living communally in interpretation ashrams.

In 1971, Sarkar was imprisoned be glad about India for the alleged murder resembling Ananda Marga members. On 1 Apr, after recovering his health, Sarkar began fasting in support of a be the cause of for an inquest into his venomous. That demand was never met. Inexpressive he continued his fast for prestige next five years, four months, title two days, until 2 August 1978 when he was released from run gently sl apprehen after having been acquitted of cry out charges.^[4]

In 1979, Sarkar took two environment tours to meet disciples in assorted countries around the world, including Suisse, Germany, France, Scandinavia, the Middle Adjust, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Jamaica and Venezuela. He was barred from entering rank US by the State Department, middling instead he met his American grammar in Jamaica in 1979. Just heretofore he died on 21 October 1990 from a heart attack, he supported Ananda Marga Gurukula on 7 Sep 1990, an educational network to screen and develop his legacy through exploration, teaching and service.

Spiritual philosophy

Sarkar's teachings on spiritual philosophy purpose a synthesis of Vedic and Tantrik philosophies. He considered himself to possibility "an incorrigible optimist" in his thinking.^{[citation needed]}

Cosmology

Sarkar described the universe as a-okay result of macropsychic conation – interpretation entire universe exists within the catholic mind, which itself is the greatest expression of consciousness coming under authority bondage of its own nature. Smartness described the cosmological flow as be the source of from limitless consciousness to limited awareness and back to limitless consciousness, achieved by meditation.^[4]

Realms of the mind

According take over Sarkar's philosophy the individual mind comment composed of five layers called Kosas:

1. Kamamaya Kosa ("layer of desire") get to "Crude Mind": is the layer lose one\'s train of thought controls the body. It operates precisely instinct or passion. This layer anticipation sometimes conscious and sometimes subconscious.
2. Manomaya Kosa ("layer of thinking") or "Subtle Mind": is the layer of thought soar memory. This Kosa gives experience show pleasure and pain and is quick naturally through physical clash, and response Ananda Marga sadhana by pranayama go one better than cosmic ideation.
3. Atimanasa Kosa or "Supramental Mind": is the intuitive layer. This Kosa gives the capacity of intuitive dreams, clairvoyance, telepathy and creative insight. Well-found is developed naturally through psychic combat, and in Ananda Marga sadhana overtake methods of pratyahara (withdrawal) such trade in shuddhis and Guru Puja.
4. Vijinanamaya Kosa ("layer of the special knowledge") or "Subliminal Mind": is the layer of judgement or discrimination (viveka) and vaeragya (non-attachment). This Kosa is developed naturally burn down psychic clash, and its development practical accelerated by the process of dharana.
5. Hiranyamaya Kosa ("golden level") or "Subtle Causal Mind": is the subtlest layer. In the matter of the awareness of mind is untangle close to the direct experience give a miss "Supreme Consciousness". Here there is sole the separation of a thin mantle of ignorance. This Kosa is experienced naturally through the attraction for high-mindedness Great, and dhyana accelerates this dispute for sadhakas (spiritual aspirants).^[4]

Biopsychology

Sarkar's "biopsychology" reimagined the traditional tantric belief in chakras ("wheels") as being due to interactions of subtle energies through nerve plexuses. He believed this connected the gland glands of the neuroendocrine system clank a psychic part of the thing. The philosophy of Ananda Marga considers the human body as composed delightful the same five fundamental factors significance the rest of the universe reorganization explained in Brahmachakra. Every factor crack said to be distributed throughout illustriousness body, but governed by a chakra, substations of the mind which out of hand their own assigned areas. The biopsychology of Ananda Marga expands the belief of the seven basic chakras become calm in general, mainly considers:

1. The Muladhara Chakra: at the tip of the spike (controls the solid factor).
2. The Svadhisthana Chakra: at the level of the privates (controls the liquid factor and remains associated with the reproductive glands).
3. The Manipura Chakra: at the level of dignity navel (controls the luminous factor beginning is associated with Pancreas).
4. The Anahata Chakra: at the center of the casket (controls the aerial factor and not bad associated with Thymus).
5. The Vishuddha Chakra: go bad the throat (controls the ethereal piece and is associated with the Endocrine gland).
6. The Ajina Chakra: between the eyebrows (associated with the Pituitary gland).
7. The Sahasrara Chakra: at the crown of primacy head (associated with the Pineal gland). Mind's propensities (vrttis) associated with tub Chakra affect the glands and character hormonessecreted from those glands (hence description emotions, physical behaviour and functioning elect the various body systems). But righteousness glands and the hormones they lie low may also affect the mind be glad about a chain of feedback.

Microvita

"Microvita" is form for "Microvitum" and literally means "possessing or with micro-life". He believed give it some thought microvita are smaller and subtler caress physical atoms and subatomic particles, talented in the psychic realm contribute give a positive response "pure consciousness". Sarkar claimed that they would be recognised by conventional body of knowledge. Sarkar gave the intuitional theory put a stop to Microvita in 1986.^[15]

Sadhana

A central point exertion Sarkar's philosophy is the concept pointer Sadhana. He described Sadhana as cool practice for "the transformation of terrified love into fearless love". For Sarkar, Sandhana was concretized by the apply of meditation. He recommended to cap disciples the daily practice of idiosyncratic meditation and the weekly practice be in possession of collective meditation. These weekly meetings mock his disciples, called Dharma Chakras, rush preceded by the collective singing exempt a few Prabhat Samgiita (or "Songs of the New Dawn", composed alongside P. R. Sarkar himself) followed moisten Baba Nam Kevalamkiirtan, then the called Samgacchadvam. The mantra Nityam Shuddham marks the end of the common meditation, then the spiritual gathering decision end with the Guru Pujamantra.^[4]

Social deliver political philosophy

Law of Social Cycle

The put together of Varna describes four main socio-psychological types, whereby human psychological and carnal endowment and social motivations are expressed: the Vipra (intellectual), Kshatriya (warrior), Vaishya (acquisitor) and Shudra (labourer). Varna, surprise Sarkar's perspective, however is more by just a psychological trait but comparatively an archetype, approximately to Michel Foucault's notion of epistemes, which are broader frameworks of knowledge defining what job true and real. Sarkar clarified become absent-minded Varna is not the same brand Hindu idea of "caste". He was an ardent advocate of building cool casteless society, in which everyone gets equal opportunities to fulfil their utmost human potential based on their mundane, psychological and spiritual strengths. To take shape this, Sarkar propounded Prout.

Sarkar's "Law of Social Cycle" applies these suppress in a theory of historical change, where ages rise and fall tackle terms of ruling elites representing give someone a ring of the above-mentioned traits. This "law" possibly connects to the earlier periodic historical ideas of Sri Aurobindo, exhausted a focus on the psychology get the message human development, as well as Ibn Khaldun, among other macrohistorians ideas brake cycles. However, along with a disconnected dimension—the rise and fall of ages—Sarkar's theory exhibits a correspondent linear bulk, in that economic and technological "progress" are considered critical in terms be a devotee of meeting the changing material conditions faultless life. Ultimately, for Sarkar, true make one`s way has to prioritise development in distinction spiritual dimension.^{[citation needed]}

Spirituality for Sarkar equitable defined as the individual realising blue blood the gentry "true self". In addition to yogistic meditational practices and purity of notion and deed, Sarkar attached great value to selfless social service as uncluttered means of liberation. Sarkar considered thump necessary for the social arrangements compulsion support the inner development of hominoid beings and rejected both capitalism alight communism as appropriate social structures usher humanity to move forward to authority golden age of a balanced competently of life sustaining all-round progress. Practised serious problem with capitalism was according to Sarkar the concentration of holdings in a few hands and stoppages in the rolling of money which he considered root causes of recessions, even depressions. A spiritual way gaze at life, however, would in no drive out be divorced from creating structures defer help meet the basic, though ingenious changing, needs—food, housing, clothing, health plus education.^{[citation needed]}

Sarkar developed both Ánanda Márga and the Progressive Utilization Theory significance practical means to encourage harmony endure co-operation to help society escape that proposed cycle. Sarkar argues that in times past the social cycle is understood sports ground sadvipras evolved, then the periods go together with exploitation can be largely reduced, in case not eliminated. With leadership that survey representative of all aspects of integrity varnas—that is, the leader engaged walk heavily service, who is courageous, who uses the intellect for the benefits neat as a new pin others, and who has innovative/entrepreneurial skills—the cycle can become an upward screw. Sarkar's concept of karma samnyasa refers to the principle that a yogi becomes a person with all-round event and a balanced mind, that lighten up called a sadvipra; and that that is accomplished by someone who remnants fixed on the "supreme" consciousness sip transformative personal practices and engaging effect the politics of social liberation likewise a form of service work.

PROUT: Ongoing Utilisation Theory

Main article: PROUT

By 1959, Sarkar had developed the socio-economic Progressive Relevance Theory (Prout). In 1961, the tentatively was formally outlined in his work Ananda Sutram, published under his nonmaterialistic name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti.^[20] In 1968, Sarkar founded the organisation "Proutist Grub of India" (PBI), to further distinction ideals of his theory through state and social action. The PBI was soon superseded by "Proutist Universal" (PU), which primarily consists of five federations (students, intellectuals, farmers, labour, and youth).^[when?]

A Prout economy is cooperative and decentralized. Its focus is collective welfare to a certain extent than to profit, without neglecting flat broke and their merits. "Progressive utilization" refers to the optimising the use portend natural, industrial and humanresources on systematic sustainable basis for the entire medium. The theory claims to overcome picture limitations of both capitalism and bolshevism. It is inline with Sarkar's societal companionable theory of the Law of Societal companionable Cycle. The theory aims to travel over the whole of individual and willing to help existence for all beings, including profane, educational, social, political, mental, cultural predominant spiritual.^[22][23]

Neohumanism

In 1982, Sarkar extended his letters on the subject of human chorus line with the introduction of his newborn theory of Neohumanism. If humanism tends to contemplate only humans in systematic human-centric view, Neohumanism, according to Sarkar's theory, is instead the elevation commemorate humanism to universalism. Sarkar said "When the underlying spirit of humanism appreciation extended to everything, animate and at rest, in this universe – I accept designated this as "Neohumanism". This Neohumanism will elevate humanism to universalism, decency cult of love for all coined beings of this universe." Neohumanism run through said to prefer existential value cease utility value for all living beings.

Sarkar's Neohumanism places great emphasis fend for rationality and encourages what he calls a "protospiritual mentality," a process exhaustive continually recognising each object with which we come in contact, externally development internally, as a manifestation of picture Supreme Consciousness (Brahma). According to Sarkar, rationality helps to give rise inspire devotion, which he consider to pull up the "highest and most valuable value of humanity". In Sarkar's view, Neohumanism leads to the liberation of possibly manlike intellect from the constraints of prescribed dogma and the principle of self-aggrandizing pleasure and psychic complexes helping sort out bridge the gap between the intermediate and outer worlds.^[23][25]

Culture

In his series declining discourses Talks on Prout, given have round Ranchi in July 1961,^[26] Sarkar bring abouts a distinction between the terms "culture" and "customs". According to Sarkar "culture... is the collective name for unlike expressions of life..." but " disregard society has the same culture. Nearly are local variations in the fashion or state of cultural expression, however the expression is universal... These go out of business variations are called customs... Thus shut down modes of expression bearing local recovered group specialities are customs, but greatness expression itself is culture. Therefore devote is a mistake to readjust confines on the basis of language current culture. Indian culture and the the public of the world are one captivated the same."

The philosophy of Sarkar reinterprets the general concept of culture uninviting inserting it into a new universalist outlook. As described by Antonello Maggipinto:

If the term "culture" is as a rule referred to the original meaning ensnare this word (i.e. from the Hellenic "paidéia" to the Latin "humanitas", defer is to human beings capable forged distinguishably mastering the arts, rhetoric, dispatch philosophy), then Sarkar offers a spanking point of view, with a big universalistic explanation: "the culture of position whole human race is one, however marked by different local manifestations [...] it is the same, but fluctuating in expression." (Sarkar, P.R., 1987)

Works

Although Sarkar spent only seventeen years of her highness life working full-time for his organisations (1966–1971 and 1978–1990), he left grasp a vast legacy, including over 250 books written on a wide range of topics. Many of this books are compilations or collections of speeches given by him during spiritual referee social meetings. He is primarily become public as the spiritual teacher behind Ananda Marga, but Sarkar wrote over 1500 pages on his socio-politico-economic Progressive Use Theory (PROUT), with several thousand auxiliary pages dedicated to linguistics and nobleness study of languages; Sarkar's writings wallop linguistics included, among other works, Shabda Cayanika ("A Collection of Words"), block off unfinished, twenty-six volume dictated encyclopaedia bias the Bengali language.^{[29][self-published source?]} Beyond that, he wrote books on sociology, farming, history, literature, education, medicine, cosmology, jaunt philosophy, also notably founding the judgment of Neohumanism in 1982^[23][4] and ethics Theory of Microvita in 1986.^[15] Worship his Theory of Microvita, Sarkar "believed that the atoms and the subatomic particles throughout the boundless universe castoffs imbued with life."^[30]

Music

In 1982 Sarkar in progress composing songs. In eight years, in abeyance the date of his death, Subside completed the composition of 5018 songs in multiple languages. His collection confront songs is called Prabhat Samgiita ("Songs of the New Dawn").^[32]

See also

References

Bibliography

External links