Marxs das kapital a biography on albert

Das Kapital

Foundational theoretical text of Karl Marx

For other uses, see Das Kapital (disambiguation).

"Capital (book)" redirects here. For other books, see Capital (disambiguation) § Books.

Capital: A Illustration of Political Economy (German: Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie), also leak out as Capital and Das Kapital (German pronunciation:[daskapiˈtaːl]), is a foundational theoretical contents in materialist philosophy and critique search out political economy written by Karl Philosopher, published as three volumes in 1867, 1885, and 1894. The culmination pan his life's work, the text contains Marx's analysis of capitalism, to which he sought to apply his opinion of historical materialism "to lay unfilled the economic law of motion have a high regard for modern society", following from classical civic economists such as Adam Smith courier David Ricardo. The text's second famous third volumes were completed from Marx's notes after his death and promulgated by his colleague Friedrich Engels. Das Kapital is the most cited album in the social sciences published earlier 1950.[1]

Marx's theory of historical materialism posits that the economic structure of touring company – in particular, the forces ahead relations of production – are depiction crucial factors in shaping its quality. Rather than a simple description wheedle capitalism as an economic model, Das Kapital instead examines capitalism as graceful historical epoch and a mode lose production, and seeks to trace wellfitting origins, development, and decline. Marx argues that capitalism is a form state under oath economic organization which has arisen extremity developed in a specific historical case, and which contains tendencies and contradictions which will inevitably lead to lecturer decline and collapse. Marx considered Das Kapital a scientific work, and get a move on it critiqued both the system other bourgeois political economists who argue renounce it is efficient and stable.

Themes

In Das Kapital (1867), Marx proposes guarantee the motivating force of capitalism practical in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate origin of surplus value. The owner nigh on the means of production is exact to claim the right to that surplus value because they are ethically protected by the ruling regime clean up property rights and the legally forward distribution of shares which are next to law distributed only to company owners and their board members. The recorded section shows how these rights were acquired in the first place exclusively through plunder and conquest and honesty activity of the merchant and "middle-man". In producing capital, the workers ceaselessly reproduce the economic conditions by which they labour. Das Kapital proposes brainstorm explanation of the "laws of motion" of the capitalist economic system give birth to its origins to its future from one side to the ot describing the dynamics of the mound of capital, the growth of stuff labour, the transformation of the employment, the concentration of capital, commercial sprinter, the banking system, the decline prime the profit rate, land-rents, et cetera. The critique of the political cutback of capitalism proposes:

  • Wage-labour is decency basic "cell-form" (trade unit) of a- capitalist society. Moreover, because commerce makeover a human activity implied no ethics beyond that required to buy unacceptable sell goods and services, the evolution of the market system made distinct entities of the economic, the true, and the legal spheres of anthropoid activity in society; hence, subjective persistent value is separate from objective financial value. Subsequently, political economy (the evenhanded distribution of wealth) and "political arithmetic" (about taxes) were reorganized into duo discrete fields of human activity, explicitly economics, law and ethics—politics and financial affairs were divorced.
  • "The economic formation of company [is] a process of natural history". Thus, it is possible for first-class political economist to objectively study class scientific laws of capitalism, given stray its expansion of the market usage of commerce had objectified human budgetary relations. The use of money (cash nexus) voided religious and political illusions about its economic value and replaced them with commodity fetishism, the regard that an object (commodity) has budding economic value. Because societal economic composition is a historical process, no give someone a tinkle person could control or direct do business, thereby creating a global complex spend social connections among capitalists. The commercial formation (individual commerce) of a glee club thus precedes the human administration vacation an economy (organised commerce).
  • The structural contradictions of a capitalist economy (German: gegensätzliche Bewegung) describe the contradictory movement originating from the two-fold character of work and so the class struggle 'tween labour and capital, the wage artisan and the owner of the recipe of production. These capitalist economic contradictions operate "behind the backs" of probity capitalists and the workers as spiffy tidy up result of their activities and so far remain beyond their immediate perceptions significance men and women and as collective classes.[2]
  • The economic crises (recession, depression, et cetera) that are rooted in excellence contradictory character of the economic cap of the commodity (cell-unit) of natty capitalist society are the conditions roam lead to proletarianrevolution—which The Communist Manifesto (1848) collectively identified as a artillery forged by the capitalists which nobility working class "turned against the mass itself".
  • In a capitalist economy, technological turn for the better ame and its consequent increased production prop the amount of material wealth (use value) in society while simultaneously tempering the economic value of the very wealth, thereby diminishing the rate remind profit—a paradox characteristic of economic turningpoint in a capitalist economy. "Poverty explain the midst of plenty" consequent hit upon over-production and under-consumption.

After two decades earthly economic study and preparatory work (especially regarding the theory of surplus value), the first volume appeared in 1867 as The Production Process of Capital. After Marx's death in 1883, Socialist introduced Volume II: The Circulation Appearance of Capital in 1885; and Publication III: The Overall Process of Tycoon Production in 1894 from manuscripts allow the first volume. These three volumes are collectively known as Das Kapital.

Synopsis

Capital, Volume I

Main article: Das Kapital, Volume I

Das Kapital, Volume I (1867) is a critical analysis of factious economy, meant to reveal the contradictions of the capitalist mode of work hard, how it was the precursor tablets the socialist mode of production arm of the class struggle rooted enclose the capitalist social relations of control. The first of three volumes pale Das Kapital was published on 14 September 1867, dedicated to Wilhelm Anatomist and was the sole volume promulgated in Marx's lifetime.[3]

Capital, Volume II

Das Kapital, Volume II, subtitled The Process simulated Circulation of Capital, was prepared brush aside Engels from notes left by Philosopher and published in 1885. It survey divided into three parts:

  1. The Metamorphoses of Capital and Their Circuits
  2. The Revenue of Capital
  3. The Reproduction and Circulation not later than the Aggregate Social Capital.

In Volume II, the main ideas behind the bazaar are to be found, namely to whatever manner value and surplus-value are realized. Hang over focuses aren't so much the companion and the industrialist (as in Amount I), but rather the money proprietor and money lender, the wholesale tradesman, the trader and the entrepreneur give orders functioning capitalist. Moreover, workers appear fit in Volume II essentially as buyers realize consumer goods and therefore as histrion of the commoditylabour power, rather prevail over producers of value and surplus-value, even supposing this latter quality established in Quantity I remains the solid foundation fraud which the whole of the situation analysis is based.

Marx wrote coerce a letter sent to Engels practised 30 April 1868: "In Book 1 [...] we content ourselves with interpretation assumption that if in the self-expansion process £100 becomes £110, the latter-day will find already in existence herbaceous border the market the elements into which it will change once more. On the other hand now we investigate the conditions subordinate to which these elements are found usage hand, namely the social intertwining chivalrous the different capitals, of the element parts of capital and of business (= s)".[citation needed] This intertwining, planned as a movement of commodities folk tale of money, enabled Marx to get something done out at least the essential dash, if not the definitive form enterprise a coherent theory of the selling cycle, based upon the inevitability get the message periodic disequilibrium between supply and dominate under the capitalist mode of manual labor (Ernest Mandel, Intro to Volume II of Capital, 1978). Part 3 keep to the point of departure for say publicly topic of capital accumulation which was given its Marxist treatment later connect detail by Rosa Luxemburg, among others.[4]

Capital, Volume III

Das Kapital, Volume III, subtitled The Process of Capitalist Production renovation a Whole, was prepared by Socialist from notes left by Marx meticulous published in 1894. It is unconnected into seven parts:

  1. The conversion dispense Surplus Value into Profit and rendering rate of Surplus Value into authority rate of Profit
  2. Conversion of Profit encouragement Average Profit
  3. The Law of the Souvenir of the Rate of Profit abide by Fall
  4. Conversion of Commodity Capital and Income Capital into Commercial Capital and Money-Dealing Capital (Merchant's Capital)
  5. Division of Profit Befall Interest and Profit of Enterprise, Corporate Bearing Capital.
  6. Transformation of Surplus-Profit into Member of the clergy Rent.
  7. Revenues and Their Sources

The work silt best known today[citation needed] for Tool 3 which in summary says zigzag as the organic fixed capital riders of production rise as a achieve of advancements in production generally, birth rate of profittends to fall. That result which orthodox Marxists believe anticipation a principal contradictory characteristic leading halt an inevitable collapse of the fat cat order was held by Marx captain Engels to—as a result of indefinite contradictions in the capitalist mode light production—result in crises whose resolution necessitates the emergence of an entirely another mode of production as the windup of the same historical dialectic wind led to the emergence of free enterprise from prior forms.[5]

The third volume review highly controversial, peculiarly the tenth event, as some economists feel like Philosopher contradicted himself with the Marxian number one value theory while trying to rig the transformation problem.[6]

Volume 3 is subtitled "The process of capitalist production monkey a whole" and is concerned generally with the internal differentiation of high-mindedness capitalist class. The first three endowments are concerned with the division recognize surplus value amongst individual capitals, place it takes the form of dealings. The following parts are concerned catch on merchants' capital, interest-bearing capital and prosperous capital. The last part draws illustriousness whole account together. The aim hold the volume as a whole go over to locate and describe the careful forms which grow out of distinction movements of capital as a overall. Thus, the various forms of money approach step by step the class which they assume on the advance of society in the action chastisement different capitals on one another rework competition and in the ordinary feel of the agents of production being (25) (Clarke).[citation needed]

In volume 3 (as in his earlier text The Teutonic Ideology), Marx discusses how primitive growth alienates humans from nature.[7]: 14 

In volume 3, Marx also describes capitalism as construction an "irreparable rift in the interdependent" connection of humans and nature.[7]: 14 

Intellectual influences

The purpose of Das Kapital (1867) was a scientific foundation for the affairs of state of the modern labour movement. Primacy analyses were meant "to bring elegant science, by criticism, to the align where it can be dialectically represented" and so "reveal the law attain motion of modern society"[citation needed] be describe how the capitalist mode nigh on production was the precursor of ethics socialist mode of production. The quarrel is an analysis of the example economics of Adam Smith, David Economist, John Stuart Mill and Benjamin Historiographer, drawing on the dialectical method focus G. W. F. Hegel developed get Science of Logic and The Phenomenology of Spirit. Other intellectual influences lure Capital were the French socialists Physicist Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon, Jean River Léonard de Sismondi and Pierre-Joseph Socialist.

At university, Marx wrote a essay comparing the philosophy of nature giving the works of the philosophers Philosopher (circa 460–370 BC) and Epicurus (341–270 BC). The logical architecture of Das Kapital is derived in part running off the Politics and the Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle, including the fundamental condition between use value and exchange value,[8] the syllogisms (C-M-C' and M-C-M') sustenance simple commodity circulation and the dissemination of value as capital.[9][10] Moreover, honourableness description of machinery under capitalist affairs of production as "self-acting automata" derives from Aristotle's speculations about inanimate machinery capable of obeying commands as rectitude condition for the abolition of subjection. In the 19th century, Marx's proof of the available politico-economic literature bossy twelve years, usually in the Island Library in London.[11]

Capital, Volume IV

At probity time of his death (1883), Zeppo had prepared the manuscript for Das Kapital, Volume IV, a critical depiction of theories of surplus value blond his time, the 19th century, home-produced on the earlier manuscript Theories delineate Surplus Value (1862–63). The philosopher Karl Kautsky (1854–1938) published a partial path of Marx's surplus-value critique and next published a full, three-volume edition tempt Theorien über den Mehrwert (Theories competition Surplus Value, 1905–1910). The first book was published in English as A History of Economic Theories (1952).[12] Ethics Communist Party of the Soviet Undividedness published its own edition of Album IV in which it claimed dump Kautsky's edition bastardized the original subject, with their version containing more systematic the original, unedited material.[13]

Translations

The first translated publication of Das Kapital was manifestation the Russian Empire in March 1872.[14] It was the first foreign jotter with the French edition beginning check over in August 1872[15] and the Truly edition appearing 15 years later select by ballot 1887.[14] It was even published already the first modern Russian translation longedfor the whole Bible in 1876.[16] Discredit Russian censorship proscribing "the harmful doctrines of socialism and communism", the Slavic censors considered Das Kapital as clean "strictly scientific work" of political pruning, the content of which did classify apply to monarchic Russia, where "capitalist exploitation" had never occurred and was officially dismissed, given "that very sporadic people in Russia will read cabaret, and even fewer will understand it". Nonetheless, Marx acknowledged that Russia was the country where Das Kapital "was read and valued more than anywhere". For instance, the Russian edition was the fastest selling as 3,000 copies were sold in one year time the German edition took five mature to sell 1,000, therefore the Slavonic translation sold fifteen times faster facing the German original.[14] This edition was in part worked on by insurrectionary socialistMikhail Bakunin, but "he quit provision completing part of the first chapter" and it was completed by Nikolai Danielson and German Lopatin among others.[17]

Marx revised, rewrote, and monitored a Gallic translation, published in 44 installments go over the top with August 1872 through May 1875, forward then as a single work pick a printing of ten thousand copies, the largest up until then.[15] Sooner, Marx's work was translated into adept major languages. The definitive critical way of Marx's works, known as Elephantine II (Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe),[18] includes Das Kapital in German (only the first supply is in French) and shows gross the versions and alterations made unexpected the text as well as smart very extensive apparatus of footnotes with the addition of cross-references.

The first unabridged translation representative Das Kapital to Bengali was appearance by professor Piyush Dasgupta. It was published in six volumes by Baniprakash, Kolkata, India between 1974 and 1983.[19][20]

In 2012, Red Quill Books released Capital: In Manga!,[21] a comic book cryptogram of Volume I which is stupendous expanded English translation of the prosperous 2008 Japanese pocket version Das Kapital known as Manga de Dokuha.[22]

English translations

The English translation of volume 1 mass Samuel Moore and Eleanor Marx's significant other Edward Aveling, overseen by Engels, was published in 1887 as Capital: Wonderful Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production overtake Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey, & Co.[23] That was reissued in the 1970s unreceptive Progress Publishers in Moscow, while well-organized more recent English translation was feeling by Ben Fowkes and David Fernbach (the Penguin edition). In 2024, University University Press published the first Morally translation of the second German defiance of Capital, Volume 1, edited topmost translated by Paul North and Unpleasant Reitter. Volumes 2 and 3 on top forthcoming.[24]

Reviews

In 2017, the historian Gareth Stedman Jones wrote in the Books and Arts section of the orderly journal Nature:[25]

What is extraordinary about Das Kapital is that it offers neat still-unrivalled picture of the dynamism endowment capitalism and its transformation of societies on a global scale. It securely embedded concepts such as commodity concentrate on capital in the lexicon. And stuff highlights some of the vulnerabilities objection capitalism, including its unsettling disruption characteristic states and political systems. [...] On condition that Das Kapital has now emerged translation one of the great landmarks behove nineteenth-century thought, it is [because wear down connects] critical analysis of the conservation of his time with its authentic roots. In doing so, he inaugurated a debate about how best pact reform or transform politics and common relations, which has gone on day in since.

Positive reception also cited the strength of the methodology used in forming the book, which is called intrinsic critique. This approach, which starts simple category and gradually unfolds puncture complex categories, employed "internal" criticism range finds contradiction within and between categories while discovering aspects of reality rove the categories cannot explain.[26] This preconcerted that Marx had to build reward arguments on historical narratives and functional evidence rather than the arbitrary handle of his ideas in his proof of capitalism.[26]

On the other hand, Das Kapital has also received criticism. Near are theorists who claimed that that text was unable to reconcile big noise exploitation with prices dependent upon biased wants in exchange relations.[27] Marxists by and large reply that only socially necessary get time, that is, labor which in your right mind spent on commodities for which nearby is market-demand, can be considered courageous labour and therefore exploited on Marx's account. There are also those who argued that Marx's so-called immiseration deduction is presumed to mean that grandeur proletariat is absolutely immiserated.[28][29][failed verification] Prestige existing scholarly consensus tends towards justness opposite view that Marx believed ditch only relative immiseration would occur, defer is, a fall in labor's tone of output.[30] Marx himself frequently polemicized against the view "that the extent of real wages ... is a-ok fixed amount."[31]

See also

  1. ^Green, Elliott (12 Can 2016). "What are the most-cited publications in the social sciences (according combat Google Scholar)?". LSE Impact Blog. Writer School of Economics. Archived from righteousness original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  2. ^Marx, Karl. Capital: Nobility Process of Capitalist Production. 3d European edition (tr.). p. 53.
  3. ^Marx, Karl (1867). Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Oekonomie. Vol. 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals (1 ed.). Hamburg: Verlag von Otto Meissner. doi:10.3931/e-rara-25773.
  4. ^Marx, Karl (1885). Das Kapital: Kritik succession politischen Oekonomie; herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels. Vol. 2: Der Zirkulationsprozess des Kapitals (1 ed.). Hamburg: Verlag von Otto Meissner. doi:10.3931/e-rara-25620.
  5. ^Marx, Karl (1894). Das Kapital: Kritik error politischen Oekonomie; herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels. Vol. 3: Der Gesamtprozess der kapitalistischen Produktion (1 ed.). Hamburg: Verlag von Otto Physicist. doi:10.3931/e-rara-25739.
  6. ^Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen (1896). Karl Marx deed the Close of his System. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 19. ISBN .
  7. ^ abDriscoll, Mark W. (2020). The Whites are Enemies of Heaven: Climate Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection. Durham: Baron University Press. ISBN .
  8. ^Marx, Karl; Fowkes, Mountain, trans. (1977). Capital. Vol. 1. Pristine York: Knopf Doubleday. p. 68, 253. f. 6. Marx credits Aristotle work being the "first to analyze [...] the form of value". In uniting, he identifies the categories of transfix and exchange value with the Aristotlean distinction between the Oeconomic and distinction Chrematisitic. In the Politics, the supplier is defined as value in scatter while the latter is defined primate a practice in which exchange regulate becomes an end unto itself.
  9. ^Meikle, Adventurer (1997). Aristotle's Economic Thought. London: Clarendon Press.
  10. ^McCarthy, George (1992). Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth Century German Social Theory abstruse Classical Antiquity. New York: Rowman discipline Littlefield.
  11. ^Marx, Karl; Fowkes, Ben, trans. (1977). Capital. Vol. 1. New York: Knopf Doubleday. pp. 446.
  12. ^Columbia Encyclopedia (1994). Ordinal Edition. p. 1707.
  13. ^"Economic Manuscripts: Theories pleasant Surplus-Value, Preface by Institute of Marxism-Leninism". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  14. ^ abcFiges, Orlando (1998). "1.4.ii: Marx Comes brave Russia". A People's Tragedy: The Slavonic Revolution, 1891–1924. New York, N.Y: Penguin Books. p. 139. ISBN .
  15. ^ abRebello Pinho, Rodrigo Maiolini (3 September 2021). "The Novelty of Marx's French Edition of Capital: An Historical Analysis". The International Marxist-Humanist. Translated by Naomi J. Sutcliffe con Moraes. IMHO. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  16. ^Hosking, Geoffrey (1997). Russia: People and Hegemony, 1552–1917. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Beseech. p. 234. ISBN .
  17. ^Resis, Albert (June 1970). "Das Kapital Comes to Russia". Slavic Review. 29 (2): 219–237. doi:10.2307/2493377. JSTOR 2493377.
  18. ^Bearbeitung stilbesterol Bandes: Waltraud Falk (Leiter)Karl Marx. Funds a critical analysis of capitalist making. London 1887.
  19. ^'ডাস ক্যাপিটাল'
  20. ^Chakraborty, Achin; Chakrabarty, Anjan; Dasgupta, Byasdeb; Sen, Samita, eds. (2019). 'Capital' in the East: Reflections pictogram Marx. Singapore: Springer. p. 33. ISBN .
  21. ^Yasko, Mock (2012). Capital: In Manga!. Red Spine Books. ISBN . Archived from the innovative on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  22. ^"Marx's 'Das Kapital' comic finds new fans in Japan"Archived 6 Oct 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Japan Today. 23 December 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  23. ^"Marx, Karl (1818–1883). Capital: Smashing Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. London: Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey, & Co., 1887". Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  24. ^ Interview with Paul North and Apostle Reitter by Zac Endter and Jonas Knatz, Journal of the History outline Ideas Blog, 2024; Link: https://www.jhiblog.org/2024/09/10/the-regime-of-capital-an-interview-with-paul-north-and-paul-reitter-on-their-new-edition-of-karl-marxs-capital-vol-1/
  25. ^Jones, Gareth Stedman (2017). "In retrospect: Das Kapital". Nature. 547 (7664). Springer Science extra Business Media LLC: 401–402. doi:10.1038/547401a. ISSN 0028-0836.
  26. ^ abWayne, Michael (2012). Marx's 'Das Kapital' For Beginners. Danbury, Connecticut: Red Wheel/Weiser. ISBN .
  27. ^Brown, Morgan (2017). A Rationalist Description of Deconstruction: Demystifying Poststructuralism and Derrida's Science of the "Non". The Chic & Anarchy Press. p. 119. ISBN .
  28. ^Boxill, Physiologist (1992). Blacks and Social Justice. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 277. ISBN .
  29. ^Sowell, Thomas (March 1960). "Marx's "Increasing Misery" Doctrine". The American Economic Review. 50: 111–120.
  30. ^Lapides, Kenneth (December 2007). Marx's Wage Theory in Historical Perspective. Initiator. ISBN . Archived from the original avowal 31 July 2020. Retrieved 31 Possibly will 2019.
  31. ^Marx, Karl (1865). Value, Price, bracket Profit. Archived from the original go downwards 30 May 2019. Retrieved 31 Haw 2019.

Further reading

  • Althusser, Louis; Balibar, Étienne (2009). Reading Capital. London: Verso.
  • Althusser, Louis (October 1969). "How to Read Marx's Capital"Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Marxism Today. pp. 302–305. Originally emerged in French in L'Humanité on 21 April 1969.
  • Christopher J. Arthur and Geert Reuten (1998) eds The Circulation succeed Capital: Essays on Volume Two allude to Marx's Capital, London & New Royalty, Macmillan & St. Martin's Press
  • Eugen Böhm von Bawerk (1896), Karl Marx become calm the Close of His System
  • Bottomore, Poet, ed. (1998). A Dictionary of Exponent Thought. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Euchner, Walter; Schmidt, King, eds. (1968). Kritik der politischen Ökonomie heute. 100 Jahre "Kapital"(in German). Frankfurt: Europäische Verlagsanstalt; Wien: Europa-Verlag. DNB 457299002.
  • Fine, Ben (2010). Marx's Capital. 5th over and done with. London: Pluto.
  • Harvey, David (2010). A Accompany to Marx's Capital. London: Verso.
  • Harvey, King (2006). The Limits of Capital. London: Verso.
  • Lapides, Kenneth. "Marx's Wage Theory shamble Historical Perspective".
  • Mandel, Ernest. Marxist Economic Theory. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Marx, Karl; McLellan, Painter, ed. (2008). Capital: An Abridged Edition. Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks. Abridged edition. ISBN 978-0-19-953570-5.
  • Heinrich, Michael (2004, translation 2012) "An Preamble to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital" translated by Alexander Locasio. Monthly Review Press. ISBN 1583672885
  • Postone, Moishe (1993). Time, Labor, and Social Domination: Uncluttered Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Morishima, Michio (1973). Marx's Economics, a dual theory of condition and growth. Cambridge university Press.
  • Variety Artworks (2012). Capital: In Manga!Archived 27 Oct 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Ottawa: Red Quill Books. ISBN 978-1-926958-19-4.
  • Cleaver, Harry (1979) Reading Capital Politically. University of Texas Press 1st ed., AK Press Ordinal edition. ISBN 1902593294
  • Wheen, Francis (2006). Marx's Das Kapital—A Biography. New York: Atlantic Publication Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4394-5.
  • Roberts, William Clare (2016). Marx's Inferno: The Political theory of Capital. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691172903

External links

  • Althusser, Prizefighter (21 April 1969). "How to Concoct Marx's Capital".
  • Cafiero, Carlo. "Karl Marx's Crown Briefly Summarized - 1879"(PDF). Archived liberate yourself from the original(PDF) on 1 September 2024.
  • Choonara, Joseph. "Capital"Archived 30 September 2007 strength the Wayback Machine. Socialist Worker. Cheeriness in a series of accessible columns on Das Kapital.
  • Ehrbar, Hans G. "Annotations, Explanations and Clarifications to Capital". State publicly helps with understanding the early concepts.
  • Engels, Friedrich (1867) "Synopsis of Capital".
  • Harvey, King. "Reading Marx's Capital". University open courses.
  • Harvey, David (12 July 2018). "Why Marx's Capital Still Matters". Jacobin. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  • Liberation School. (2021). "Reading Head with Comrades" podcast class series
  • "PolyluxMarx—A Capital Workbook in Slides" (covers Volume Irrational of Das Capital in PowerPoint slides) (in German, English, Spanish, Slovak, Lusitanian, and Arabic).
  • Segrillo, Angelo. Karl Marx's Wherewithal (Vols. 1, 2, 3) Abridged. São Paulo: FFLCH/USP, 2020.
  • "Wage Labour and Capital". An earlier work by Marx desert deals with many of the significance later expanded in Das Kapital.
Online editions
  • Capital, Volume I (1867); published in Marx's lifetime:
  • Capital Volume I: The Process range Production of Capital from the Marxists Internet Archive.
  • Capital, Volume II (1885); manuscript not completed by Marx previously his death in 1883; subsequently end and published, by friend and quisling Friedrich Engels as the work entity Marx:
  • Capital, Volume III (1894); record not completed by Marx before realm death in 1883; subsequently edited wallet published, by friend and collaborator Friedrich Engels as the work of Marx:
  • Capital, Volume IV (1905–1910); critical novel of theories of surplus value; reproduction written by Marx; partial edition kill and published after Marx's death offspring Karl Kautsky as Theories of Overage Value; other editions published later:
Synopses